2024年美国临床肿瘤学会(ASCO)年会公布了一项针对接受非强化治疗的急性髓系白血病(AML)和高风险骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS)患者的协作姑息治疗和肿瘤护理模式的多中心随机临床试验(摘要号LBA6508)。麻省总医院Dr. Areej El-Jawahri在接受《肿瘤瞭望-血液时讯》专访时,就该研究及终末期关怀策略,分享了其专业而深入的见解。现整理成文,以同步传递国际前沿观点。
研究介绍
接受非高剂量化疗的AML和高风险MDS患者存在显著的生活质量(QOL)损害,并且通常不会及时与临床医生讨论他们的临终关怀(EOL)护理偏好。然而,目前尚缺乏针对该人群优化EOL和QOL的干预措施。
该研究在两家医院进行了一项多中心随机临床试验,比较了协作姑息治疗组与常规护理组在115名接受非高剂量化疗治疗的成人AML和高风险MDS患者中的效果。新诊断或复发/难治性疾病的患者在接受治疗后30天内可纳入研究。协作姑息治疗组的患者每月在门诊中与姑息治疗医生沟通,并在每次住院期间至少与姑息治疗医生每周沟通两次。常规护理组的患者只有在需要时才会受到姑息治疗。使用自然语言处理方法,通过经过验证的算法查询电子健康记录(EHR),以收集记录在案的EOL护理偏好。主要终点是比较两组之间记录EOL护理偏好到死亡的时间。次要终点包括从EHR获得的EOL护理偏好记录率、住院率和EOL时的临终关怀使用情况。患者报告的次要重点包括与临床医生讨论EOL护理偏好、QOL(癌症治疗功能评估——白血病,FACT-Leu)以及入组后3个月的心理情况(医院焦虑和抑郁量表)。
研究共招募了51.8%(115/222)的符合条件的患者。协作姑息治疗组患者在EHR中记录的EOL护理讨论的比例高于常规护理患者(96.5% vs. 68.4%,P<0.001)。总体而言,61.7%(71/115)的患者死亡,接受协作姑息治疗的患者从记录EOL护理偏好到死亡的时间更长(41天 vs. 1.5天,P<0.001)。协作姑息治疗的患者更有可能报告与临床医生讨论他们的EOL护理偏好(56.9% vs. 14.0%,P<0.001),并且在生命最后30天内住院的可能性较小(70.6% vs. 91.9%,P=0.031)。EOL的临终关怀利用率没有差异。3个月后,接受协作姑息治疗的患者报告的生活质量更好(138.6 vs. 125.5,P=0.010),但与接受常规治疗的患者相比,抑郁或焦虑症状没有差异。
因此,研究显示姑息治疗显著提高了EOL护理偏好的讨论和记录率,减少了 EOL住院率,并改善了AML和高风险MDS患者的生活质量(NCT03310918)。
《肿瘤瞭望-血液时讯》:在本次大会上,您报告了一项关于协作姑息治疗和肿瘤护理模式在急性髓系白血病(AML)和高风险骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS)患者中的应用。您能简要介绍一下开展这项研究的背景吗?
Dr. Areej El-Jawahri:我们深知,急性白血病和高危骨髓增生异常综合征患者在疾病的发展过程中,往往承受着巨大的生理与心理压力。面对这一严峻的现实,他们通常需要接受细致的临终关怀,然而,这些关怀措施有时可能未能完全契合患者的个人意愿。本研究致力于通过组建专业的姑息治疗团队,以实现对临终患者关怀服务的优化,进而提升其生活质量。
Oncology Frontier-Hematology Frontier:At this conference, you reported on the application of a collaborative palliative and oncology care model in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Could you briefly introduce the background of conducting this study?We know that patients with acute leukemia and high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome face significant physical and psychological challenges throughout their illness. They often require intensive end-of-life care, which may not always align with their preferences. Our study aimed to optimize end-of-life care and quality of life for these patients by integrating specialty palliative care clinicians into their treatment.
《肿瘤瞭望-血液时讯》在这项研究中,协作姑息治疗与肿瘤护理模式对患者生活质量(QOL)的改善有何具体体现?相比常规护理,这一模式如何优化患者的终末期关怀?
Dr. Areej El-Jawahri:这是一项多中心的随机临床试验。患者被随机分配到两组,一组接受整合的姑息治疗模式,在住院期间和门诊中由肿瘤科医生和姑息治疗医生共同护理;另一组接受常规护理,仅在需要时咨询姑息治疗。姑息治疗组的患者在整个治疗过程中得到了额外的支持。
在为期六个月的研究中,接受姑息治疗的患者在生活质量方面呈现出显著提升。相较于常规护理组,这些患者更有可能主动与医生展开沟通,详细记录自己关于临终关怀的意愿。因此,他们在生命最后30天的住院率相对较低。这些发现进一步强调了姑息治疗在AML和MDS患者治疗过程中的重要性,应当成为其标准治疗不可或缺的一部分。
Oncology Frontier-Hematology Frontier:How did the collaborative palliative care and oncology care model specifically improve the quality of life (QOL) for patients in this study? How did it optimize end-of-life care compared to usual care?This was a multi-site randomized clinical trial. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either the integrated palliative care model, where they were seen by both their oncology clinicians and palliative care clinicians, or usual care, where palliative care was available only upon consultation. Patients in the palliative care model received this support both during hospitalization and in outpatient settings.Patients who received palliative care showed significant improvements in their quality of life over the six months of the study. They were more likely to discuss and document their end-of-life care wishes, which led to fewer hospitalizations in the last 30 days of life compared to those receiving usual care. These findings underscore the importance of making palliative care a standard part of treatment for patients with AML and MDS.
《肿瘤瞭望-血液时讯》:您认为该研究结果对临床实践有哪些启示?
Dr. Areej El-Jawahri:研究表明,早期整合姑息治疗对于提升患者生活质量和优化临终关怀具有显著效果,同时确保患者的意愿得到充分的尊重和记录。因此,在AML和MDS患者的治疗过程中,应尽早引入此模式。此外,深入发现姑息治疗的积极干预因素,并加强对肿瘤科医生的培训,使其能够将这些因素有效融入临床实践同样至关重要。鉴于当前专业的姑息治疗医生数量有限,此举显得尤为重要。
根据既往研究,早期姑息治疗在实体肿瘤患者的应用中,已证实能够有效提升患者的生活质量和临终关怀效果。而我们的研究则首次在血液恶性肿瘤患者群体中,特别是AML和MDS患者中,观察到类似的有益效果。这一发现强烈表明,对于不同类型的癌症患者,早期姑息治疗干预应当成为一种标准的治疗实践。
Oncology Frontier-Hematology Frontier:What implications do you think the study results have for clinical practice?
The study demonstrates that early integration of palliative care can significantly benefit patients beyond just improving their quality of life. It helps optimize end-of-life care by ensuring that patient wishes are respected and documented. This model should be incorporated earlier in the treatment course for patients with AML and MDS. Additionally, it's crucial to understand the active components of these palliative care interventions and train oncology clinicians to incorporate these components into their practice, given the limited number of specialty palliative care clinicians.
Previous studies have shown that early palliative care for patients with solid tumors improves both quality of life and end-of-life outcomes. Our study is the first to demonstrate similar benefits for patients with hematologic malignancies, specifically AML and MDS. This suggests that early palliative care intervention should be a standard practice across different types of cancers.
总 结
Dr. Areej El-Jawahri的研究成果凸显了早期姑息治疗干预在提升AML和MDS患者生活质量及临终关怀方面所发挥的核心作用。通过将姑息治疗医生纳入肿瘤治疗的综合模式中,不仅确保了患者意愿得到充分的尊重,还实现了更佳的治疗成果以及更为个性化的护理服务。这些重要发现为在血液恶性肿瘤治疗中广泛推行姑息治疗提供了有力的支撑。
参考文献:Areej El-Jawahri, et a. 2024 ASCO, abstract LBA6508.
专家简介
Areej El-Jawahri
医学博士
癌症成果研究和教育项目 副主任
骨髓移植存活率项目 主任
医学副教授